Two squares and circle game
SIMPLE GAME IN PYGAME: TWO SQUARES AND A RECTANGLE
In this blog, we shall create a simple python game that
involves two enemy squares and a player circle. The code is not the cleanest
but as long as the game plays we are good to go!
A. Importing the modules
For this game to run, we require two modules; pygame
and math. It is here that we also initialise the pygame module. After initialising
the module we need to set the window size and the caption.
import pygame
import math
pygame.init()
modex, modey = 700, 600
window = pygame.display.set_caption("GAME!!")
window = pygame.display.set_mode((modex, modey))
B. Variables
We require a couple of variables for this game to run.
Read the comments to understand the purpose of each variable.
#setting the font we will use in the game
font = pygame.font.SysFont("comicsansms", 35)
#setting the x, y coordinates, radius and velocity of the circle
x, y, radius, vel = modex/2, modey, 30, 15
#setting the colors we will use
green, blue = (0, 255, 0), (0, 0, 128)
#setting the length and width of the rectangle - it becomes a
square since length = width
rectx, recty , rectx1, recty1 = 50, 50, 50, 50
#setting the x-y coordinates and velocity of each square
rect, rect1 = [700, 600, 1], [0, 500, 1.3]
#Boolean values required for the game-play
run, jump, move_right, move_left, move_right1, move_left1 = True, False, False, True, True, False
#initalizing the clock method in pygame
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
C. Function to check collision
To check if the circle has collided with either of the two squares, we use the formula
for checking the distance between two coordinates. i.e The distance, d, between two points whose coordinates are (x1,y1)(x1,y1) and (x2,y2(x2,y2) is: d = √[(x2x2 − x1x1)2 + (y2y2 − y1y1)2]. If the distance is less than the radius of the circle then a collision has happened.
def HasCollided(rx, ry, cx, cy):
if cx > rx:
cx -= rectx
distance = math.sqrt((math.pow(rx-cx,2)) + (math.pow(ry-cy,2)))
if distance < (radius+2):
return True
else:
return False
D. Gameplay
In the gameplay loop, several things happen;
1.
Time delay – We delay the time using
the clock method we initialised. The reason for this is to make sure that the
game runs smoothly across all devices regardless of their speed.
while run:
pygame.time.delay(40)
2.
Quitting the game – We use a for loop
to check if an event that could lead to the closing of the game has occurred. (in
this case the pressing x button at the right-top of the game window)
while run:
pygame.time.delay(40)
for the event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
3.
Moving the circle – To move the circle
we use left and right arrow keys on our keyboard. We, therefore, need to check whether
a certain key has been pressed and if so move the circle accordingly. To move
the circle we subtract the velocity of the circle from its initial location.
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and x < modex - radius:
x += 10
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and x > radius:
x -= 10
3.1 Jump
– To make the circle ‘jump’ the player will have to press the up arrow key. When
they do so the y coordinate of the circle reduces making the circle move up and sets the condition jump to false to prevent jumping while ‘jumping’. It reaches
a certain point where the circle starts moving downward. This is achieved by
multiplying the velocity of the circle by 2 and then subtracting the result
from its coordinate. At some point the velocity becomes negative hence
subtracting it from the y coordinate of the circle would result in an increase in
the value of the coordinate
#Jump
if jump is False and keys[pygame.K_UP]:
jump = True
if jump is True:
y -= vel * 2
vel -= 2
if vel < -15:
jump = False
vel = 15
4.
Moving the squares
The
‘computer’ will be moving the rectangles. We work with move_left and move_right
Boolean values. The idea is to prevent the squares from going beyond the game
window. The square should be within points 0 and 700. If their x-value goes beyond
that scope we prompt them to move in the opposite direction while increasing
their speed.
#Moving the square 1
if move_left is True:
rect[0] -= rect[2]
if rect[0] < 0:
move_left = False
move_right = True
if move_right is True:
rect[0] += rect[2]
if rect[0] > modex-rectx:
move_left = True
move_right = False
rect[2] += .005
#Moving the square 2
if move_left1 is True:
rect1[0] -= rect1[2]
if rect1[0] < 0:
move_left1 = False
move_right1 = True
if move_right1 is True:
rect1[0] += rect1[2]
if rect1[0] > modex-rectx1:
move_left1 = True
move_right1 = False
rect1[2] += .005
5.
Drawing the shapes – Pygame makes it
possible for us to draw shapes using its inbuilt methods. We also fill the
background of the game window with an RGB color
pygame.draw.circle(window,
(0, 0, 0), (int(x), int(y - radius)), radius)
pygame.draw.rect(window,
(255, 0, 0), (rect[0], rect[1]-recty, rectx,recty))
pygame.draw.rect(window,
(20, 100, 0), (rect1[0], rect1[1]-recty, rectx, recty))
window.fill ((25, 30, 100))
pygame.display.update()
6.
Checking for collisions – We first
need to run the collision function and if it returns true then a collision has
happened. So if a collision has occurred the game needs to be stopped and
display the game over text or something. To display the text, we use pygames’ blit
method.
Collision = HasCollided(rect[0], rect[1], x, y)
if Collision == True:
text = font.render('Game Over Bitch!', True, green)
window.blit(text, [300, modey/2])
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.delay(1000)
run = False
Collision1 = HasCollided(rect1[0], rect1[1], x, y)
if Collision1 == True:
text = font.render('Game Over!', True, green)
window.blit(text, [300, modey/2])
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.delay(1000)
run = False
Our game loop now looks like this;
while run:
pygame.time.delay(40)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and x < modex - radius:
x += 10
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and x > radius:
x -= 10
#Jump
if jump is False and keys[pygame.K_UP]:
jump = True
if jump is True:
y -= vel * 2
vel -= 2
if vel < -15:
jump = False
vel = 15
#Moving the square 1
if move_left is True:
rect[0] -= rect[2]
if rect[0] < 0:
move_left = False
move_right = True
if move_right is True:
rect[0] += rect[2]
if rect[0] > modex-rectx:
move_left = True
move_right = False
rect[2] += .005
#Moving the square 2
if move_left1 is True:
rect1[0] -= rect1[2]
if rect1[0] < 0:
move_left1 = False
move_right1 = True
if move_right1 is True:
rect1[0] += rect1[2]
if rect1[0] > modex-rectx1:
move_left1 = True
move_right1 = False
rect1[2] += .005
window.fill ((25, 30, 100))
pygame.draw.circle(window, (0, 0, 0), (int(x), int(y - radius)), radius)
pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0), (rect[0], rect[1]-recty, rectx, recty))
pygame.draw.rect(window, (20, 100, 0), (rect1[0], rect1[1]-recty, rectx, recty))
pygame.display.update()
Collision = HasCollided(rect[0], rect[1], x, y)
if Collision == True:
text = font.render('Game Over!', True, green)
window.blit(text, [300, modey/2])
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.delay(1000)
run = False
Collision1 = HasCollided(rect1[0], rect1[1], x, y)
if Collision1 == True:
text = font.render('Game Over!', True, green)
window.blit(text, [300, modey/2])
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.delay(1000)
run = False
We finally end the game using pygames’ quit method
Collision1 = HasCollided(rect1[0], rect1[1], x, y)
if Collision1 == True:
text = font.render('Game Over!', True, green)
window.blit(text, [300, modey/2])
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.delay(1000)
run = False
pygame.quit()
Click here to view the full code
posted by Stephen @ October 26, 2021
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